Tax years and rates
Every calculator reads from this one configuration (engine v1.0.0), so a rate shown here is the rate used in a result.
2025/26 (current)
Last reviewed 22 August 2026
Personal allowance
£12,570 · tapered above £100,000
Income tax bands (rest of UK)
- Basic rate — 20% on £0 to £37,700 of taxable income
- Higher rate — 40% on £37,700 to £125,140 of taxable income
- Additional rate — 45% on £125,140 to above of taxable income
Income tax bands (Scotland)
- Starter rate — 19% on £0 to £2,827 of taxable income
- Scottish basic rate — 20% on £2,827 to £14,921 of taxable income
- Intermediate rate — 21% on £14,921 to £31,092 of taxable income
- Higher rate — 42% on £31,092 to £62,430 of taxable income
- Advanced rate — 45% on £62,430 to £125,140 of taxable income
- Top rate — 48% on £125,140 to above of taxable income
VAT rates
- Standard rate (20%)
- Reduced rate (5%)
- Zero rate (0%)
Sources
2024/25 (previous)
Last reviewed 22 August 2026
Personal allowance
£12,570 · tapered above £100,000
Income tax bands (rest of UK)
- Basic rate — 20% on £0 to £37,700 of taxable income
- Higher rate — 40% on £37,700 to £125,140 of taxable income
- Additional rate — 45% on £125,140 to above of taxable income
Income tax bands (Scotland)
- Starter rate — 19% on £0 to £2,306 of taxable income
- Scottish basic rate — 20% on £2,306 to £13,991 of taxable income
- Intermediate rate — 21% on £13,991 to £31,092 of taxable income
- Higher rate — 42% on £31,092 to £62,430 of taxable income
- Advanced rate — 45% on £62,430 to £125,140 of taxable income
- Top rate — 48% on £125,140 to above of taxable income
VAT rates
- Standard rate (20%)
- Reduced rate (5%)
- Zero rate (0%)
Sources
See the calculation methodology for how these rates are applied.